Crime and Punishment vs. The Stranger - 1438 Words

Throughout the novels Crime and Punishment by Fyodor Dostoevsky and The Stranger by Albert Camus, sun, heat, and light play a significant role in the development and understanding of the novel and the characters in it. Upon the initial reading of The Stranger, the reader may have a general acknowledgment of a relationship between the novel’s protagonist, Mersault, and the sun and heat, either proceeding or following one of the novels significant events. What is harder to understand on the first read, is the reason why this is important and what it means. On the opposite side of the field is Crime and Punishment. The imagery relating to weather and heat have an obvious connotation and importance, as they generally appear before an important†¦show more content†¦One of the most noteworthy and climactic event in The Stranger is when Meursault meets the Arab on the beach. â€Å"The Arab drew his knife and held it up to me in the sun. The light shot off the steel and it was like a long flashing blade cutting at my forehead. At the same instant the sweat in my eyebrows dripped down over my eyelids all at once and covered them with a warm, thick film. My eyes were blinded behind the curtain of tears and salt. All I could feel were the cymbals of sunlight crashing on my forehead and, indistinctly, the dazzling spear flying up from the knife in front of me. The scorching blade slashed at my eyelashes and stabbed at my stinging eyes. That’s when everything began to reel. The sea carried up a thick, fiery breath. It seemed to me as if the sky split open from one end to the other to rain down fire. My whole being tensed and I squeeze my hand around the revolver. The trigger gave.† (Camus 59) The sun plays an incredibly significant role in this paragraph, for it is the instigator and beginning of the conflict. Because of this heat, Meursault’s judgment is clouded and he makes a rash decision that changes his life. The line about the sky splitting open and raining fire down upon him suggests that he subconsciously feels confusion about not grieving at his mother’s funeral. If the sun had not made an appearance that day on the beach, it can be safely concluded that Meursault would not have killed the Arab. But because it was there, it pushedShow MoreRelatedCrime and Punishment vs the Stranger Essay1229 Words   |  5 PagesThe novels The Stranger by Albert Camus and Crime and Punishment by Fyodor Dostoevsky are both murder novels that explores the inner thoughts of the killers. Camus and Dostoevsky wrote novels that portrays a young man committing murder and how the young man faces the consequences and deals with the horrible crime the which he has committed. 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Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity and Strength Development of Fly Ash Concrete Free Essays

Upon this survey it is shown that the UPV and strength development, severally, with the age of the concrete havingdifferent fly ash. Both increase their strength with age. At the same age, both UPV and the strength of concrete with low per centum fly ash are higher than those with high per centum fly ashmainly because of the denser construction of concrete with lower fly ash, thisindicates that concrete with high fly ash at the age of 1 yearss has a UPV of approximately 89 % of that of 30 yearss, but the strength is merely approximately 60 % concrete becomes ill-defined when age and mixture proportion is taken into consideration at the same time. We will write a custom essay sample on Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity and Strength Development of Fly Ash Concrete or any similar topic only for you Order Now This observation suggests that it is be better to individually see the consequence of age and mixture proportion on UPV and strength relationship It was concluded that the relationship between the Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity ( UPV ) and compressive strength of concrete every bit good as to understand the influence of the mixture proportion and the age of concrete on the relationship between UPV and compressive strength. Specific decisions are as follows: The UPV and strength growing rates of high and low per centum offly ash concrete have a important difference at an early age. As a consequence, to clearly specify the relationship between UPV and the strength of concrete with different mixture proportions, it is necessary to extinguish the intervention caused by the different UPV and strength growing rates of concrete at early ages. The equations obtained from the simulation curves can be used to find the mortar strengths of the howitzer mix proportions. 1.1 Sorptivity Test Based on the ASTN C 1585-04 criterion sorptivity trial is concerned with measuring of the rate of soaking up of H2O by hydraulic- cement concrete. Therefore this trial is focused on measuring the lastingness and strength of fly ash howitzer relation to sorptivity. Research shows that in civil technology quality howitzer or concrete is associated with good compaction strength every bit good as reduced degrees of sorptivity obtained through efficient casting and hardening. ( Ho et al. 1989 ; Ho A ; Lewis, 1988 ) .With most building stuffs being porous, suction of wet and motion belongingss of such stuffs have been established to be the primary cause of many civil technology jobs such as corrosion, procedure of wetting and drying etc. this prompted research focussing on the undermentioned critical parametric quantities: capillary action potency, H2O diffusivity and hydraulic conduction. To accomplish the aim, sorptivity proving method that involves a uni-directional H2O soaking up from the samples was adopted. Based on this method, specimen cumulative sum of H2O absorbed is related to the square root of the clip consumed therefore set uping the following relationship ( Hall, 1981 ) ; I = S* T0.5 where S = sorptivity T0.5= clip taken ( elapsed ) Therefore sorptivity can be assessed and evaluated through capillary action measurings. This is achieved through finding the rate of stuff soaking up topic to its homogeneousness constituents. During the experimental procedure, both H2O and superplasticizer were utilized as trial fluids. Therefore, the casted regular hexahedron samples were so placed or immersed in H2O for a period of 30 yearss bring arounding after which the specimens ( sized 50 mm * 50 millimeter ) were dried in an oven for over 72 hours in temperatures of 85 Â °C. The measure of H2O gripped by the samples ( specimens ) in a clip frame of 30 proceedingss was determined through the procedure of weighing the specimens utilizing a top pan balance weighing up to 0.1 milligram. The truth of the consequence obtained is ensured by pass overing off surface H2O on the specimen utilizing a dampened tissue and each deliberation operation for single specimen was done within 30 seconds. The consequence obtained is evaluated utilizing sorptivity relationship equation illustrated below ( Hall A ; Tse, 1986 ) ; I = S* T0.5 Therefore S=i/ t? Where ; S= rate of sorptivity ( in millimetres ) t= clip taken ( in proceedingss ) I = ?w/Ad ?w = difference in weight obtained = Wi-Wd Wd = the dry weight of the oven prohibitionist ( in gms ) Wi = weight of the regular hexahedron submergence specimen after 30 proceedingss soaking up of H2O ( in gm ) . Figure 13: Sorptivity 1.2 Water Absorption Figures ( 11, 12, and 13 ) identifies and presents the waterabsorption values for 1, 7, and 30 yearss for assorted mixtures. It is shown that when the fly ash is acquiring finer, the rate of H2O soaking up is lower. Furthermore, the higher the fly ash/ cement ratio, the no nothingnesss for the H2O to sip through to increase the weight of the regular hexahedrons ( Prinyaet al. , 2005 ) . Lower the rate of H2O soaking up. This is because when the volume of fly ash is increasing, it will make full the nothingnesss, increasing the denseness and hence be forestalling H2O soaking up ( Prinyaet al. , 2007 ) . Figure 14: Hardening age One twenty-four hours Figure 15: Curing age Seven yearss Figure 16: Curing age 30 yearss Due to there being a limited experimental probe refering the H2O soaking up andsorptivityof howitzer, the undermentioned observations are made sing the opposition of partly replaced Pozzocrete1:3 proportion howitzer. 1.3 Variation of residuary compressive strength with UPV Residual compressive strength of specimens lessenings with addition in UPV. Variation of residuary compressive strength with UPV is shown in Figure 18 0 % specimen which recorded a residuary strength of 12.62 ( MPa ) corresponds to maximum UPV 2381 % ( m/s ) among the three series. In contrast, 45 % specimen with 3132 ( m/s ) UPV maximal residuary compressive strength of 34.02 ( MPa ) . A multinomial tendency line for the relationship curve with corresponding equation gave a value of arrested development coefficient ( R2 ) of 0.9091. Table 4: Relationship between compressive strength and UPV Figure 18: Compaction Strength with UPV 1.4 Residual compressive strength with H2O soaking up A Digital compaction proving machine was employed to find the compressive strength of the specimen at regular intervals. The inside informations of howitzer specimens are given in Table 4 ( below ) Table 5: Water soaking up, compressive strength Increase in H2O soaking up with residuary compressive strength of specimen’s lessenings. Variation of residuary compressive strength with H2O soaking up is show in Figure 19 ( below ) 0 % specimen which recorded a residuary strength of 34.02 corresponds to minimal H2O soaking up 6.30 % among the three series. In contrast, 45 % specimen with 13.57 % H2O soaking up retained minimal residuary compressive strength of 10.47 % . A multinomial tendency line for the relationship curve with corresponding equation gave a value of arrested development coefficient ( R2 ) of 0.9999. Figure 19: Relationship between compressive strength and H2O soaking up. 1.5 Materials 1.5.1 Superplasticizer In concrete mixtures superplasticizer sums with high C fly ash add-on in the sum of 15, 30, and 45 % by weight of the cement content, it is possible to cut down the sum of H2O by 50 % , while utilizing mixtures superplasticizer. The find and innovation of concrete alloies has witnessed enormous development in the building industry. In civil technology, alloies are used to better the belongingss and quality of building concrete in assorted ways ( Ramachandran, 2001 ) . This usually occurs during the blending procedure therefore impacting the building howitzer in the undermentioned positive ways ; Promoting workability of concrete Bettering strength and lastingness of the howitzer Enhance opposition against jobs such as corrosion, freezing and thaw action Increase H2O proofing characteristic in the concrete Superplasticizer is an ingredient alloy used in concrete for assorted intents. The ingredient can be defined as the stuff advancing high degree of cut downing H2O in the concrete ( Csetenyi, Dhir A ; Hewlett, 2002 ) . As a consequence, this stuff enhances the belongingss of building howitzer hence enabling the followers ; It enhances workability rate through increased placing features of concrete during building It minimizes the measure of H2O used in readying of howitzer at assorted ratios therefore advancing strength and lastingness The stuff is environmental friendly as it minimizes on the cement use every bit good as thermic strain ensuing from the procedure of hydration. In this trial, the adoptive superplasticizer is fly ash stuff ( polymer ) which has the belongingss necessary to heighten concrete strength and lastingness ( Spiratos, 2003 ) . Some of the two basic features that this superplasticizer ( fly ash ) stuff has are ; There are high H2O reducing agents in building howitzer They have a self-compacting capableness in concrete 1.5.2 Fly Ash Composed of a non-combustible component of coal compounds, fly ash grains are characterized by glassy spherical ball bearing finer atoms compared to ordinary Portland cement atoms. The atoms are micro-sized mensurating between 0.1Â µm-150 Â µm. The stuff is a pozzolanic and reacts with free calcium hydroxide in the presence of H2O therefore bring forthing Ca silicate hydrate ( C-S-H ) . CSH is the critical constituent that enables bonding of atoms and heightening strength every bit good as guaranting lastingness of gluing in concrete. As a byproduct, wing ash can be obtained assorted beginnings particularly power coevals workss such as Maize Products ( A division of Sayaji Industries Ltd ) Power works. Figure 20: High Carbon Fly Ash ( HCFA ) 1.5.3 Cement For the controlled experiment in this survey, Ordinary Portland Cement ( OPC ) is utilised to enable and help proper comparing consequences. Through the comparing the survey will be able to avail proper grounds on the effects that fly ash has on the building howitzer or concrete as used in civil technology. The OPC used is categorized as of 53 class which conforms to Be: 8112-1989 criterion. A assortment of experimental trials were performed on cement to specify its pertinence in assorted Fieldss such as ecology, environment, economic system, engineering, etc. some of the trials include ; specific gravitation, consistence trials, puting clip trials, compressive strengths, etc. 1.5.4 Water Bing a multi-usable constituent, H2O is a important ingredient of concrete readying in civil technology. Besides enabling possible and proper commixture of the concrete stuffs, it triggers and catalyses chemical reactions between stuffs. However, H2O is composed of chemical substances that may impact the concluding quality of howitzer or concrete used in a building. This is particularly when it reacts with other stuffs bring forthing other compounds that will negatively act upon the quality of howitzer in footings of strength and lastingness among others. In add-on to this the ratio used will besides find the result of the concluding concrete compound. Thus the ratio of H2O cement used is 0.25 and 0.25 for superplasticizer of howitzer. In respect, a mixture of class M25 and M40 conforming to IS 10262:2009 were designed and implemented in the experiment to fix the trial samples. After undergoing casting and H2O soaking up for 30 yearss bring arounding, the 50 millimeter * 50 millimeter cubed specimens were dried for a period of 36 hours at the temperatures of110Â °C until the mass became changeless suggestion for the deliberation procedure. The resulted weight obtained was recorded as dry weight ( Wd ) for specimens. The samples were so placed in H2O at room temperatures for a clip frame of 36 hours after which the specimens were once more weighed and noted as submergence weight ( WI ) . Therefore the per centum of H2O soaking up is given by the formu How to cite Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity and Strength Development of Fly Ash Concrete, Essay examples

Marketing Development of Harvey Nichols †Free Solution

Question: Evaluation of current situation linked to proposed strategic options for international growth, including evaluation of market potential and identification of markets for growth. Answer: Introduction The project reflects on Harvey Nichols a company which is known for its luxury products and offers an ultimate experience in fashion through the products they provide. The project provides an International marketing development for Harvey Nichols for their ninth international store. This includes a summary of the situation analysis for the key aspects of the environment audit for marketing in Singapore. For its 9th store the project makes a critical discussion about the international growth options for Harvey Nichols along with some suggestions for the marketing development for Harvey Nichols. About Harvey Nichols: The company was first established in 1831, Knightsbridge, and since then it has led the way in sourcing the most desirable and cutting-edge designer brand. It has been recognized as one of the premiere luxury brand of UK for fashion retailer (Harveynichols.com, 2015). It is internationally popular for its limited edition of beauty and fashion merchandize, wine and premium food which are award winning. The company has seven stores in Ireland and UK. It has four major stores in Edinburgh, Manchester and Leeds and three small stores in Dublin, Bristol and Birmingham. The latest store has been established in partnership with Qatari Business group in the shopping area of Dohari Business group Types of Product available: Clothing accessories, beauty care, food and wine, brands and gifting both for men and women. Harvey Nichols has its own form of segmentation and strategies (Ameer Willfred Ayomi, 2014). One of the world famous brands is found in Harvey Nichols which means that the customers buying mush have the purchasing power to afford these brands. The following is certain facts about the company: The Target Market: The segmentation of market is made in groups who posses certain similar pattern of buying and has a same type of interest for luxury brands (Armstrong, Adam Kotler, 2011). In case of departmental store the target was the localites which were done according to geographic segmentation. The incomes of these customers have to be within a certain range and based on the division of the population they also sometimes take decision for distribution. The segmentation is done in the following way, Demographic segmentation: The key demographic variable used to segment the market seems to be age, the occupation and the income of the people (Carlsen', Mair Holmes, 2015). Because it promotes stylish designing brand accessories then the target audience must be people who love stylish things. According to many researchers people of the age 25-40 love to have fashionable things mostly, so it can be said that people who belongs in the age group of 25-40 is their prime target. But in that respect it could have been teenagers but the criteria of affordability is a crucial factor (Chernev, 2012). So people with an income level comparatively higher than upper middle class is the right kind of people they target. These people should be luxury loving people and must have the nature of easily accepting changes in fashion (Dakic Fabian, 2010). Harvey Nichols more than being retail is a symbol for social status. The occupational ties are directly involved with the idea of affluent and image conscious individuals. It also attracts customers who have aspiration for fashion (Ernst, Hoyer Rbsaamen, 2010). Geographic Segmentation: geographically they have been able to target people from most of the European countries and the countries form the middle-east where the trade and commerce has been an integral part and has a good ranking in the economic section. Choosing Singapore will be a big decision for Harvey Nichols but there are certain advantages for the company. There are certain reason for geographical segmentation for a company they are wealthier consumer, less competition in the foreign market and easier for cross border trade (Fletcher Crawfor, 2010). Psychological Segmentation: Sometimes the Customers internal desire is considered by the company; according to Harley Nichols they gave special attention to customers who have a preference on buying luxurious items (Glowik Smyczek, 2011). For example in place like Milan famous for Fashion would be preferable for Harvey Nichols, similarly in places like Brazil where people takes a good care of their skin would prefer the beauty products of Harvey Nichols (Harveynichols.com, 2015). Selection of a particular market: Extensive research needs to be done to select potential market for any business. It is a costly exercise for the international marketers as well to confront with diverse market availability. Mainly the company should mainly focus and target to the emerging and growing markets in the food and beverage sector so that the market dynamism can be measured along with the present status as well. Various assessment tools needs to be utilized in this process. Situation analysis: For Harvey Nichols there are certain strength, threats weaknesses and opportunities through which we can analyze the existing potential of Harvey Nichols in the market. Swot analysis: Strength Weakness Pricing power Good management Culture that is innovative The asset leverage The economies of scale The work inefficiencies High burden of debt Technology is quite outdated High labor turnover Supply chain is weak Bad acquisition Opportunities Threats The market is fragmented They have online market facility Encourages innovation Application of new technologies and services. Existing competition The market is mature The currencies are volatile Change in preference of the people The revenue generation is volatile. Through the analysis certain things acts as advantage for Singapore and certain things acts as disadvantage. For Singapore the people have quite a high standard of living and there is an existing competition for Harvey Nichols for establishing their store. It can be better understood with the help of competitor analysis (Harveynichols.com, 2015). Growth Strategies for Harvey Nichols: The Harvey Nichols brand is synonymous with sumptuous food stall and its windows display. There were various growth challenges that were faced by the company. One of those challenges were E commerce activities. The company wanted new e commerce site to be a part of their broader multichannel strategy. They went for launching a new website with Ampersand commerce so that the online offering could be improved. This new website integrates various blog posts into product pages, social media streams, videos etc so that it could attract more customers largely in UK market. Also style advisers were introduced that enabled customers with personalized touch of the online services as well. Competitor analysis In Singapore there are almost 10 shopping malls situated in the Marina Bay, one of the advantage of Singapore is that various sectors had their own region. Like the commercial section is situated far from the entertaining section, the industrial section is far from the commercial section (Kang Leong, 2012). The majority shopping malls are situated in the Orchard at Marina Bay. There are plenty of places to eat, multiplex for watching movies . That place would also be suitable for the company Harvey Nichols. The main competition of Harvey Nichols is with the online websites which helps people to have their accessories and apparels in their home. These brands are the main competitors of Harvey Nichols but their restaurant and wine chain will be able to make a good impression in the market. In order to provide a market for the company Harvey Nichols it is also important to understand the main Ps of luxury commodities that the company sells. They are stated as follows: Pestle Analysis: Political: in the late 1980s Singapore was a state of Single Party. The present Prime Minister is Lee Hsian and the President is Tony Tan and the current ruling party is Peoples action party. Singapore has a democratic rule and the political system is to some extent strict. Singapore is a amiable country and it has extended its hands for trading of any foreign company. The Ministry of Industry and Trade has its aim of making Singapore a global city consisting many talents and its mission is promoting growth of economy. The key task of the ministry is development of industry and expansion of Trade. An agency of MTI is SPRING Singapore where they provide a matching dollar for investment in new companies of Singapore and encourages youths for innovative business. This is quite advantageous for Harvey Nichols because the political system will accept franchisee of the company. Social: Singapore also has the notion of Kia Su followed by the Japanese people which means the fear of losing and hence encourages competition. In order to fulfill their materialistic desire they have the mentality to work hard. Though the population has a majority of Chinese population followed by Malays and then Indian yet they have the freedom to practice their own religion. They have a compulsory primary education system and they have a good number of educated people. They also have a good number of female populations following a good number of branded products for beauty care and accessories. The people are pretty brand conscious. Economical: Singapore has a GDP of US$ 297.941 billion and a per capita income of US$ 55,182 Singapore stands amongst the category of leading Developed countries. Though the country lacks primary products and minerals and gas for exporting their major economical function is processing of goods in nearby lands and transshipping (Kang Leong, 2012). The deep-water harbors are the most important resource of the country. Here the labor is costly and the availability of machinery is high. Singapore seldom had inflationary problems and they maintain a good trading partnership. They have a labor shortage and the government plays a major part in the economic growth of the country. Singapore maintains liberal trading regimes in the world and is one of the least corrupt country in the world (Paliwoda, Andrews Chen, 2012). Technological: The government invested in creative business during 1980s for media, publishing art, textile, design and fashion sector and films. The globalization strategy has made Singapore a production driven economy with the help of technological advancement. Singapore is one of the developed countries that have Wi-Fi networking throughout the country (Perreault, Cannon McCarthy, 2010). Almost every technological and IT sector has made Singapore their preferable destination for technological product launching. The Formula 1 racing is also conducted in the streets of Singapore in Suntech City. The advantage of Singapore being a high technology driven country is that their labors have advanced technological skills (Rayner, 2011). Not only that even the new talents are also advanced with the technological skills. Hence for Harvey Nichols it is easy to access the technological benefits. Legal: The Singapore Government encourages the growth of E-Commerce through legislation and regulations of transparent marketing in specific areas (Mfa.gov.sg, 2015). The business environment needs to support the development and growth of Industry and the economy. The technical infrastructure encourages reliable service of E-commerce since 1988 with the establishment of act of Electronic transactions, the rights of Intellectual property, and the tax issues (Richter, 2012). Singapore is committed to its legal issues and they have different channels for cooperating with the foreign jurisdictions guided by the global norms and standards. Environmental: Singapore is very much environment conscious, the country is one of the cleanest countries in the world and they encourage people to keep their city clean (Rubera, Chandrasekaran Ordanini, 2015). Around the 1960s the country faced a problem of water pollution and since now also they have a major water crisis for which they get their water supplies from Malaysia (Sethna, Jones Harrigan, 2013). They encourage in green marketing and they also emphasize on corporate responsibility for the society. Key issues and challenges: The main challenges of opening the ninth store in Singapore are as follows: The acceptability of the customer and their preference over existing brands Competitors strategy and their competitive advantage Strict legal regulation apart from trade. Cost of labor which is expensive Strategic options and recommendations: For expanding business in Singapore what Harvey Nichols can do is invest on Advertisement and promotion. The people of Singapore are very Brand conscious and they are well aware of the International brands (Shaw Koumbis, 2011). In fact there is a place in Singapore which is like a replica of London so people must be well aware of Harvey Nichols. At this situation what Harvey Nichols can do is making people aware of the location of their store (Tesar Kuada, 2012). If their selected location is the Marina Bay then they will be able to attract a number of luxury item buyers who mostly visit there for spending leisure time (Tradingeconomics.com, 2015). Though their prime competitors also situated in those locations yet with a good number of tourist they will be able to make an impact on the customers. Initially they could make offers for their products not necessarily making their product cheap but by Marketing mix for products of Harvey Nichols: Performance: Performance refers to the deliverance of advanced familiarity of a luxury brand at two different levels first, at a level of experience and, second, at product level. At product level, basically it must suit the functional and serviceable characteristic and also deliver on its realistic physical features a recipe of superiority or design brilliant ingredients such as materials, craftsmanship, high quality, precision, unique design, technology, innovation, and extraordinary product capabilities (Zou Fu, 2011). Pedigree: Many Pedigree products have extraordinary history and a prosperous lineage that turn into an indivisible part of the brands inscrutability. This mystique is usually built around the outstanding legendary originator character of the precedent, making up an essential part of the product story and personality of the brand. For instance when customers buy a Chanel product, it is not only due to the product presentation issue, but subconsciously they are also prejudiced by the rich lineage of the brand, the time of mastery and heritage. Paucity: Distribution and over-exposure of luxury brands can cause strength of a luxurious feature. Therefore many brands try t uphold the insight that the goods are limited. One of the example is Burberry which diluted its image of the brand in Britain during 2000 by over-licensing its image as a brand thus dropping its image as a brand whose goods were consumed by the rich. Natural Paucity is activated scarce elements such as the special series or the limited editions to produce false demand and desire. Another divergence within this is the luxury product customization. Persona: The persona of a luxury commodity is largely a consequence of first its idiosyncratic projecting in addition with coherence of its purpose across consumer touch points secondly the brand message through the advertisement. The brand identity in view captures the Products personality emotional values and mystique in a nutshell. The consistent orchestration and the distinct of the identity is a medium for creating the frequent exclusive imagery of the brand, the familiarity and visibility. Public Figures: Traditionally, celebrities or Public figures have been employed as one of the marketing mix in luxury product advertising and they continue to acquire impact, credibility and attention. Public figures like music personalities to film stars from the royal families to ports personalities and even designers. Placement: In branding Luxury commodities the retail is totally about heightening the experience of the consumers brand experience and intensifying the aura of the brand. Therefore the movement of the brand and the branded environment must live the products by arranging clear detailing that involves all attention of the audience. The choice of the location of the store the touch points of the chain that is interacted by the consumers with the sales representative and the impression of the touch points is quite critical in making a unique experience for indulging. Public Relations: The Public relations in luxury products plays a critical role for making the image of the brand by subtly influencing the opinion of the public. In order to do such things a PR is engaged so that they could disseminate the information and the various features of the brand that could not be captured through advertisement. These information are as important as the advertisements states so that they could create emotional value for the brand and a brand personality. That could be with the help of the other Ps involved with luxury brands. Pricing: For every luxury product their pricing is quite significant because it helps to build a perception for the buyers. Generally a customer of luxury brands tends to generate their stature of luxury or their image, by pricing range of the operating brand. Hence it is significant for luxury products to make an appropriate pricing of the operating brand. Hence it is significant for luxury products for pricing the correct charge and will that price should be likely for the consumers to pay and it should also be considered that the value of the brand should not be harmed. There should be enough justification for the customers to go for buying the product. Summary: Through the analysis it can be stated that Singapore will have a good compatibility for Harvey Nichols and the strategy that the Company should use is mainly the market development because the market is new and the segmentation is the elite people with a good income level. References Ameer, R., Willfred Ayomi, M. (2014). International market expansion and diversification opportunities for KBB Resources Berhad Malaysia.Em Mkts Case Studies,4(1), 1-6. doi:10.1108/eemcs-02-2013-0016 Armstrong, G., Adam, S., Kotler, P. (2011).Principles of Marketing. Carlsen', J., Mair, J., Holmes, K. (2015).Events and Sustainability. Chernev, A. (2012).Strategic marketing management. [Chicago, Ill.]: Cerebellum Press. Dakic, S., Fabian, K. (2010). Serbian labor market with special emphasis on defining marketing strategy in tourism.Perspectives Of Innovations, Economics And Business, 60-62. doi:10.15208/pieb.2010.16 Ernst, H., Hoyer, W., Rbsaamen, C. (2010). Sales, Marketing, and Research-and-Development Cooperation Across New Product Development Stages: Implications for Success.Journal Of Marketing,74(5), 80-92. doi:10.1509/jmkg.74.5.80 Fletcher, R., Crawfor, H. (2010).International Marketing: An Asia-Pacific Perspective. Glowik, M., Smyczek, S. (2011).International marketing management. Munchen: Oldenbourg. com,. (2015).Harvey Nichols - Designer Fashion, Beauty, Food Wine. Retrieved 17 April 2015, from https://www.harveynichols.com/ com,. (2015).The Company. Retrieved 17 April 2015, from https://www.harveynichols.com/about/the-company/ Kang, S., Leong, C. (2012).Singapore perspectives 2012. Singapore: World Scientific. gov.sg,. (2015).Singapores Fiscal Sustainability and Role as a Responsible Tax Partner. Retrieved 17 April 2015, from https://www.mfa.gov.sg/content/mfa/overseasmission/kuala_lumpur/news_of_interest/01/01/20130807_03.html Paliwoda, S., Andrews, T., Chen, J. (2012).Marketing management in Asia. New York: Routledge. Perreault, W., Cannon, J., McCarthy, E. (2010).Essentials of marketing. London: McGraw-Hill. Rayner, C. (2011).The retail champion. Richter, T. (2012).International marketing mix management. Berlin: Logos-Verl. Rubera, G., Chandrasekaran, D., Ordanini, A. (2015). Open innovation, product portfolio innovativeness and firm performance: the dual role of new product development capabilities.Journal Of The Academy Of Marketing Science. doi:10.1007/s11747-014-0423-4 Sethna, Z., Jones, R., Harrigan, P. (2013).Entrepreneurial marketing. Bingley, UK: Emerald Group Pub. Shaw, D., Koumbis, D. (2011).Fashion buying. Tesar, G., Kuada, J. (2012).Marketing management and strategy. com,. (2015).Singapore GDP Annual Growth Rate | 1976-2015 | Data | Chart | Calendar. Retrieved 17 April 2015, from https://www.tradingeconomics.com/singapore/gdp-growth-annual Zou, S., Fu, H. (2011).International marketing. Bingley: Emerald.

Sigmund Freud Essays - Freudian Psychology, Id, Ego And Super-ego

Sigmund Freud Many believe Freud to be the father of modern psychiatry and psychology and the only psychiatrist of any worth. He is certainly the most well known figure, perhaps because sex played such a prominent role in his system. There are other psychologists, however, whose theories demand respectful consideration. Erik Erickson, born Eric Homburger, whose theories while not as titillating as Freud's, are just as sound. This paper will compare the two great men and their systems. In addition, this paper will argue that Freud offers the more useful foundation for understanding the Jenny Masterson's confused psyche. Sigmund Freud showed signs of independence and brilliance well before entering the University of Vienna in 1873. He had a prodigious memory and loved reading to the point of running himself into debt at various bookstores. Among his favorite authors were Goethe, Shakespeare, Kant, Hegel and Nietzsche. To avoid disruption of his studies, he often ate in his room. After medical school, Freud began a private practice, specializing in nervous disorders. He was soon faced with patients whose disorders made no neurological sense. For example, a patient might have lost feeling in his foot with no evidence to any sensory nerve damage. Freud wondered if the problem could be psychological rather than physiological. Dr. Freud evolved as he treated patients and analyzed himself. He recorded his assessment and expounded his theories in 24 volumes published between 1888 and 1939. Although his first book, The Interpretation of Dreams, sold only 600 copies in its first eight years of publication, his ideas gradually began to attract faithful followers and students - along with a great number of critics. While exploring the possible psychological roots of nervous disorders, Freud spent several months in Paris, studying with Jean Charcot, a French neurologist from whom he learned hypnosis. On return to Vienna, Freud began to hypnotize patients and encouraging them while under hypnosis to speak openly about themselves and the onset of their symptoms. Often the patients responded freely, and upon reviewing their past, became quite upset and agitated. By this process, some saw their symptoms lessened or banished entirely. It was in this way that Freud discovered what he termed the "unconscious." Piecing together his patients' accounts of their lives, he decided that the loss of feeling in one's hand might be caused by, say, the fear of touching one's genitals; blindness or deafness might be caused by the fear of hearing or seeing something that might arouse grief or distress. Over time, Freud saw hundreds of patients. He soon recognized that hypnosis was not as helpful as he had first hoped. He thus pioneered a new technique termed "free association." Patients were told to relax and say whatever came to mind, no matter how mortifying or irrelevant. Freud believed that free association produced a chain of thought that was linked to the unconscious, and often painful, memories of childhood. Freud called this process psychoanalysis. Underlying Freud's psychoanalytic perception of personality was his belief that the mind was akin to an iceberg - most of it was hidden from view. The conscious awareness is the part of the iceberg that is above the surface but below the surface is a much larger unconscious region that contains feelings, wishes and memories of which persons are largely unaware. Some thoughts are stored temporarily in a preconscious area, from where they can be retrieved at will. However, Freud was more interested in the mass of thought and feeling that are repressed - forcibly blocked from conscious thought because it would be too painful to acknowledge. Freud believed that these repressed materials unconsciously exert a powerful influence on behavior and choices. Freud believed that dreams and slips of tongue and pen were windows to his patient's unconscious. Intrusive thoughts or seemingly trivial errors while reading, writing and speaking suggested to Freud that what is said and done reflects the working of the unconscious. Jokes especially were an outlet for expressing repressed sexual and aggressive tendencies. For Freud, nothing was accidental. Freud believed that human personality, expressed emotions, strivings, and beliefs arise from a conflict between the aggressive, pleasure-seeking, biological impulses and the social restraints against their expression. This conflict between expression and repression, in ways that

Disabled by Wilfred Owen and Whos for the game by Jessie Pope Essays

Disabled by Wilfred Owen and Whos for the game by Jessie Pope Essays Disabled by Wilfred Owen and Whos for the game by Jessie Pope Essay Disabled by Wilfred Owen and Whos for the game by Jessie Pope Essay Essay Topic: Literature The two poems I have chosen are Disabled by Wilfred Owen and Whos for the game by Jessie Pope. Both Poems are set around the war but they show very different perspectives. In Disabled, Owen tells the story of a young man from the Scottish Regiment who was a fellow patient in the hospital Owen was sent to after suffering from shell shock. Owen was very disillusioned with the idea of war and wrote to show people the truth and obliterate the image of war created by propaganda. Pope was a member of the White Feather Brigade, as they were known. Women who felt it was their duty to their country to send their men to war. Any woman who was seen out with a man not in uniform was labelled a traitor; men who did not join up were presented with white feathers as a symbol of their cowardice. Popes work was much a piece of the propaganda Owen was standing up against. She was calling the men of Britain to arms. The first thing to strike the reader would be the difference in mood between the two pieces; Owens work is melancholy the tale of one man contemplating his wasted life. In the second line he talks of his ghastly suit of grey, this could refer to his demob suit or more likely the mood of the subject. Whereas Popes poem is very light almost like a song, the language is simple in order to reach a wider audience. The boy in Disabled is looking back at his vanity with regret. He appears to spend his time waiting for each day to end as if he was just waiting to die. He hears children at play they only serve as a reminder of what he has lost; he was little more than a child when he joined the war. As evening draws in he remembers the way the town came to life at night, again this is painful he will never again come to life and dance and be happy. Pope refers to the war as a game and a fight, this could be interpreted as a call to children, which indeed happened, the character in disabled admits that he was underage when he enlisted, no-one seemed to care. They just smiled and wrote his lie. The two poems also refer to sport although in different ways. Pope asks who wants a turn in the show and mentions those who do not join in as being left in the stands possibly the football stands for spectators. In the fourth and sixth stanza Owen refers to his subjects love of football. How he was carried off the field victorious with a wound to the leg. The fact that he was also carried off the battlefield with leg injuries, but this time he lost his limbs suggests that Pope is wrong to belittle war and its horrors war is not a game and it certainly is not childs play. Pope is asking her audience to see the war as glamorous which indeed is what Owens character did he admits to enlisting to impress, he wanted to attract the girls. He was told he would look good in uniform, he speaks of his good looks, of his vanity. At this point he had no fear, he had no cares he was not afraid of anything. He wanted the fame and the glamour that people like Pope were offering. He didnt think about the people he would be fighting against. He had nothing personal against them they were just enemy. Pope uses personification to refer to Britain as a woman. Indeed she is asking the men to join up and protect her as a man should protect his woman. An act of chivalry! Pope is taunting the men, if they do not enlist and fight for their country they are not men, they are cowards. At the end of the poem when she asks if they will stand and bite their thumbs, it may be suggested that she is likening them to babies sucking their thumbs. Pope mentions a crutch as if it may be a souvenir, one could be forgiven for wondering how the boy in disabled might feel hearing this, he has his souvenir of war. A suit without legs which has the sleeves sewn short at the elbow. He threw his limbs and his life away for his country, as did so many others. He did as he was asked what has he got to show for it? Pope uses repetition in the second stanza to emphasise the fact that their country needed help she needed men in the ranks, Pope questions the men and boys repeatedly as if waiting for an answer. Pope mentions the celebrations as the boys are sent off. Owens boy knew all about that but the return was very different. He went away a young boy and returned an old man, he will never be whole, or have his independence. All he will have is a few more years spent in institutions while he waited to die, with women looking at him in pity. He will never have the pleasure of a woman, he will not be the one taking women to his bed, he will be relying on the women to put him to bed. In her work Pope is shouting out to the people to come join in with the fun, she is calling out for patriotism asking the men to lay down their lives for their country and asking the women to send their husbands and sons. She is speaking to them colloquially, using their language and challenging them. The poem is written very simplistically using phrases and terms that attract all, in particular the younger generation. The phrase up to her neck is a slang term, which as well as using personification is a more graphic description than to give exact details of where the war is up to at that moment. It may be suggested that Pope was a very persuasive woman who did a great deal to help the war effort and send men cheerfully to their death, which is possibly why men like Owen felt the need to stand up and have their story heard. Owen does not attempt to spare the feelings of the reader his intention is to shock. He wants the people to know the truth; it may be argued that he felt a responsibility to the youth of his country to let them know what they were in for. War was not all cheering and shouting as Pope suggested. War was horrific, it took lives and the lives that were spared would never be the same again.

Blockchain for Bitcoin Technology

The block chains are the distributed databases maintaining continuous growth of records ordered in lists called â€Å"blocks†.   It is the public ledger of every Bitcoin transactions which have been executed. The pleted† blocks are incorporated to it leading to constant increase in size of the â€Å"block chains†. These blocks have been imposed over the blockchain in chronological order and linear manner. The research would be conducted around â€Å"Bitcoins†. The â€Å"bitcoins† has been developed as rewards in petitions where users offer power of puting to authenticate and record transfer of data into block-chains. The study would not reveal any other cases supported by the block-chains like smart contracts and the licensing. The study would describe the research. Then the evaluation of the contribution of block-chains with â€Å"bitcoins† has been discussed.   A model to stimulate has been developed with its limitations and justifications. Lastly conclusion has been drawn on the key findings fitting to the research. At first the topic â€Å"blockchain technology† in â€Å"Bitcoin† is defined. Then the area of â€Å"blockchain technology† in â€Å"Bitcoin† is unfolded. The areas that are not to be included in this research are mentioned. Lastly the general findings from â€Å"blockchain technology† in â€Å"Bitcoin† are revealed. In the next section, the fiend of the review has been described. After describing the research, evaluation is done on the contribution of the research that has been done to the area. Next the limitations of â€Å"blockchain technology† in â€Å"Bitcoin† are shown. Lastly the section ends by mentioning the values of the limitations in the project. Then the best solution for the present situation is given. It important features are discussed. Its quality and contribution to the given research field is analyzed. A model is drawn stimulating it. Lastly conclusion is drawn upon the key findings from the review of â€Å" blockchain technology† in â€Å"Bitcoin†. Boyd &Carr, (2016) researched that â€Å"Blockchain† is the decentralized method for data transaction in â€Å"data management†. It was first designed for the â€Å"Bitcoin cryptocurrency†. The interest in this field originated since the idea has been coined in the year of 2008. The reason behind this was its core attributes providing data integrity, anonymity and security. This has been done in the absence of a third party organization that could manage its transactions. Thus it created attractive areas of research. This has been especially from the view point of limitations and technical challenges. A systematic mapping of the study with the aim of gathering every relevant research on the technology of lock-chain is set. The main aim has been the understanding of the present challenges, future directions and topics of the research. Various online journals are studies. That show focus on the â€Å"Bitcoin† systems. Most of the studies has been dealing wit h reveal and improve of the â€Å"Blockchains† from the security and privacy view-points. Several of the proposed solutions have been lacking concrete discussion on the effectiveness.   Many scalability of Block-chain involving the latency and throughput has been kept unstudied. Evaluation of the contribution of the research:The contribution of the research has been interesting to watch where it has been heading. Bitcoin has got many attentions in cryptocurrency. According to Gà ¶bel et al. (2016) more people has been buying and trading Bitcoins per day. Hence it has been crucial as a research topic. The research would attract the academia and industries to carry on further researches from both the technical and business perspectives. The Bitcoin has been the only solution to utilize the â€Å"Blockchain† technology. There has been various other cryptocurrencies currently who have been giving petition to Bitcoin. The future researches from this study might also involve other cryptocurrencies. The review would not only help in focusing on Bitcoin and the other cryptocurrencies but also highlight applications possible utilizing the solution of blockchain. Utilizing of decentralized scenario like the share of virtual properties could be a contribution o f the research. This would revolutionize the approach in which the organizations would sell the products. Gipp, Kosti&Breitinger (2016) states that as the solutions of blockchain are used for more users, it would appreciate the reviews like this done on the technical challenges and limitations. The increase in sizes and bases of users has triggered to conduct this type of researches relating to the scalability. Moreover, the research will leave its impact on the privacy and security concerns. This would give birth to inventions of new areas to prevent the disturbance on blockchains. Limitations of the research:The systematic mapping of the research would enable the understanding of the present gaps in the research. Crosby et al., (2016) state thatone of the fundamental limitations on the study is relating to the publication bias. It refers that the problem that the positive ou es are to be published more than that of the negative ones. This is because that the negative take much time to get published. Moreover, they have been less cited in the publications. Other limitation has been the â€Å"selection bias†. It refers to the distortion of the statistical analysis. This has been owing to the used criteria for selecting the publications. Lastly the there has been limitation regarding inaccuracy the extraction of data and the misclassification. This indicates the possibility of extraction of data differently by various reviewers. Importance of the research gaps in the project:As researched by Zheng et al., (2016) this identification of systematic mapping of the research would help the practitioners and the researchers to concentrate on research areas that need more researches. The seeking of the gaps of research would reply the unanswered queries in the present technology of blockchain. The addressing of the publication issue has brought the usage of various scientific databases. This is done within the â€Å"search protocols† to seek maximum number of papers. This has raised the quantity of papers found for this study along with raising the possibility to seek the papers with negative ou es. Nonetheless, the Blockchain innovation has been considered as another subject in the software engineering industry. It has been further distributed as white papers inside the panies. Thus, all exploration led on the specialized perspectives on Blockchain could not been incorporated in this mapping study. In any ca se, by using just logical databases as hotspots for finding significant research, papers are gathered of higher quality. The issue of selection bias has been addressed by the developing o careful search protocols. Pilot searches could be done on various keywords ensuring what has been concluded from the study. Rigorous criteria for inclusion and the exclusion could be defined form this. This would ensure that every paper elected has been the section of the research topic (Bracamonte, Yamasaki & Okada, 2016). Most of the researches relating to the block-chain have been relevant to the regulation, legal and economic factors of Bitcoin with the possibility of its cryptocurrency. The solution is the â€Å"data extraction† and â€Å"mapping process†. Matzuttet al., (2016) claimed is designed to gather data required to address the queries of research in this review. The data items collected are the basic information regarding the study. It includes the objectives and major findings from the study. It helps to organize and assess the data. The selection and search ou es are found from the process. There has been the â€Å"Prisma-Flow† model provided with the process. Many journals have been retrieved initially as the search protocol designed has been registered to the scientific databases selected. The initial round on the inclusion and the exclusion has been lying on the basis of the titles of the papers retrieved. Various papers excluded have been discussed from the business view-point of Bitcoin. They have not been included in the study. Retrieval of numerous papers relevant to other scientific fields where the Blockchain has another defi nition than technology in puter science is done. The most important features have been the identification of security, wasted resources, usability and privacy. These have been good due to the identification of exchanging property of Bitcoin. This has caused economic harm for the clients. This fit into the research was said by Karame (2016). This is because there is a scope of introducing the â€Å"audit software† to increase the usability in the Bitcoin exchanges. The aim of this software has been to deduce the solvency of exchange participants. This could be done without the publication of crucial data. There has been connection between the buyer and the seller with limited layer for anonymity. This prevents the buyers to find and validate data in Bitcoin. Different models could be presented through which the rating or reputation could be imposed conjoining the transactions of Bitcon. This considers every pros and cons. These aspects could be improved. This could be done on the network of Bitcoin. Thus the usability is improved delivering extra data for users who have been making transactions. Limitations:Colombo (2016) argues that the technology of block-chain has certain challenges that are identified through the review. Several technical limitations identified in adapting the technology of block-chain in future are throughput, latency, bandwidth and size, security, wasted resources, usability and versioning with hard forks and multiple chains. They have been the limitations for certain reasons. The potential issues throughput in the network of Bitcoin presently gets maximized to transactions per second. In order to develop enough protection for the transaction block of Bitcoin, it takes 10 minutes to finish a transaction roughly. In order to gain security efficiency, more time has to be spent in the blocks. This is because it has been outweighing the expense of couple of attacks. Currently the block-chain’s size in the network of Bitcoin has been over five hundred thousand megabytes. The munity of Bitcoin assumes that the quantity of each block has been one mega bytes. The block has been created for every ten minutes. Dwyer (2016) discusses that this causes limitations in the quantity of transactions to be handled. In the security section the present block-chain at Bitcoin can have 51% attack. The mining at Bitcoin has been wasting large quantity of energy about fifteen million dollars per day. This has been the reason of effort of â€Å"proof-of-work†. The API of Bitcoin to develop services has been hard to use. There has been the requirement to design an API for blockchain that is more developer-friendly. This resembles the REST APIs many times. Small chains that prises of lower quantity of nodes possess high chances of fifty-one percent attack. Another problem arises as the chains have been split for versioning and administrative purposes (Krug & Peterson, 2015). These limitations fit to the review as the blockchain posses the ability to alter the method of transactions. Moreover, the block-chain’s applications have not been limited to the crypto currencies. The data integrity attributes of security and the anonymity has been suffering from various restrictions and obstacles. They are assesses and resolved in this research. Scalability has been another problem which has been also mentioned in this study. This research would help in identifying the present status done by blockchain. The research has continued to seek several problems and solutions to ove e the limitations of the technology of Block-chain. Most of the study has concentrated on addressing the challenges. Every block prises of a timestamp. It prises of links to previous blocks. As recorded once, the block-chains have been resistant inherently to any kind of modification of data. Maximum researches on block-chain of present day have been concerned about the security and privacy issues.   It has conducted scalability problems on the Blockchain. The review has evaluated the ability of the solutions suggested in an aim of the evaluation criteria. The limitations are searched and the way it has been valuable to the project is found out. A suitable model is drawn justifying the best solution selected. Though various solutions to the limitations and solutions are presented but few of them has been just small proposals and lack strong assessment on the effectiveness. Boyd, C., &Carr, C. (2016, July). Fair Client Puzzles from the Bitcoin Blockchain. In  Australasian Conference on Information Security and Privacy  (pp. 161-177). Springer International Publishing. Bracamonte, V., Yamasaki, S., & Okada, H. (2016). A Discussion of Issues related to Electronic Voting Systems based on Blockchain Technology. Colombo, R. J. (2016). Bitcoin: Hype or Harbinger.  J. Int'l Bus. & L.,  16, 1. Crosby, M., Pattanayak, P., Verma, S., &Kalyanaraman, V. (2016). Blockchain technology: Beyond bitcoin.  Applied Innovation,  2, 6-10. Dwyer, G. P. (2016). Blockchain: A Primer. English, S. M., &Nezhadian, E. (2017). Conditions of Full Disclosure: The Blockchain Remuneration Model.  arXiv preprint arXiv:1703.04196. Ferrin, D. (2015). A Preliminary Field Guide for Bitcoin Transaction Patterns. In  Proc. Texas Bitcoin Conf. Gipp, B., Kosti, J., &Breitinger, C. (2016). Securing Video Integrity Using Decentralized Trusted Timestamping on the Bitcoin Blockchain. Gà ¶bel, J., Keeler, H. P., Krzesinski, A. E., & Taylor, P. G. (2016). Bitcoin blockchain dynamics: The selfish-mine strategy in the presence of propagation delay.  Performance Evaluation,  104, 23-41. Hari, A., & Lakshman, T. V. (2016, November). The Internet Blockchain: A Distributed, Tamper-Resistant Transaction Framework for the Internet. In  Proceedings of the 15th ACM Workshop on Hot Topics in Networks  (pp. 204-210). ACM. Karame, G. (2016, October). On the Security and Scalability of Bitcoin's Blockchain. In  Proceedings of the 2016 ACM SIGSAC Conference on puter and munications Security  (pp. 1861-1862). ACM. Krug, J., & Peterson, J. (2015). Sidecoin: a snapshot mechanism for bootstrapping a blockchain.  arXiv preprint arXiv:1501.01039. Matzutt, R., Hohlfeld, O., Henze, M., Rawiel, R., Ziegeldorf, J. H., &Wehrle, K. (2016, October). POSTER: I Don't Want That Content! On the Risks of Exploiting Bitcoin's Blockchain as a Content Store. In  Proceedings of the 2016 ACM SIGSAC Conference on puter and munications Security  (pp. 1769-1771). ACM. Miscione, G., & Kavanagh, D. (2015). Bitcoin and the Blockchain: A Coup D'État through Digital Heterotopia?. Nugent, T., Upton, D., &Cimpoesu, M. (2016). Improving data transparency in clinical trials using blockchain smart contracts [version 1; referees: awaiting peer review]. Zheng, Z., Xie, S., Dai, H. N., & Wang, H. (2016). Blockchain Challenges and Opportunities: A Survey.

Bullying in Nursing Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Bullying in Nursing - Research Paper Example Bullying in nursing manifests in different ways including false accusations aimed tainting someone’s reputation and competency, personal attacks, allocation of roles beyond one’s skills and lack of assistance from the seniors, and lastly intimidation among other ways. The bullying behavior translates into psychological and physiological effects on the victims, poor bedside patient outcomes as well as compromise in the organizational effectiveness and efficiency. The menace can be controlled through cognitive rehearsal training programs, implementation of code of conduct, creation of awareness and zero tolerance on bullying in all health care organizations. Keywords (Bullying, interpersonal relationships, intimidation, reputation, competency, code of conduct, cognitive rehearsal) Review of the Literature of a Researchable Problem Workplace bullying has emerged as global issue in healthcare organization, particularly affecting the nursing practitioners. Owing to the serio usness of this problem and its effects on the performance of nurses, several studies have been conducted with the aim of understanding and establishing strategies to avert or control its occurrence. Despite the existence of aggression and harassment behaviors in almost health care organization, bullying is viewed as form of repeated behaviors resulting in creation of a hostile working environment (Hutchinson, Wilkes, Vickers & Jackson, 2008). Researchers have proposed numerous strategies of dealing with bullying in nursing including training programs, establishment of stringent measure to protect nurses, and counseling programs. This paper entails review of literature from different scholarly articles on bullying in nursing. Simons, S. (2010). Bullying in the workplace-a qualitative study of new licensed registered nurses. American Association of Occupational Health Nurses, 58 (7), 305-311. This article entails a qualitative study of bullying among nurses to establish the different ways in which bullying manifests in the field of nursing. Simons (2010) examined the individual experiences of nurses as well as incidences of bullying witnessed during their practice. The study applied a descriptive qualitative research design to examine bullying behavior among newly licensed nurse. A survey study was conducted in the State of Massachusetts targeting nurses registered between 2001 and 2003 and about 511 responses were obtained through the email survey (Simons, 2010). The results of study revealed that about 139 nurses had been bullied and 14 others witnessed bullying incidences. Several themes describing the bullying behavior were identified including feeling out of the group, structural bullying, senior or old nurses exploiting newly registered nurses and the feeling of quitting the occupation (Simons, 2010). The phrase ‘nurses eat their young’ was particularly used to describe the hostility subjected to new nurses by their seniors. Senior nurses prop agated bullying in the working area through subjecting the newly registered nurses to ridicule, lack of information sharing and lack of assistance from the experienced nurses. Bullying in nursing accounted for a significant percentage of the employee turnover in the nursing field. Some of the respondents reported having left their jobs due to unbearable bullying in their working environments. Most of the bullying beha

Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 183

Essay Example I was a bit upset for there was nothing interesting about them; they were just common people everyone can see in a cafà © in the morning. Despite this, I enjoyed being there because of the sun that shone just right through the window, the cafà © smelled of coffee and freshly baked muffins, and I felt peaceful and contended with my life. At that very moment, a man came in and caught my attention immediately. He seemed to be very excited, even nervous. He looked around as if he was looking for someone or something, sat down at a table and ordered tea. The man was dressed very neatly, and at first I thought that he came on a date; it was too early for that though, and I put that thought to rest. Also, it was quite an early morning for a business meeting. Curiosity was eating me up as the man checked his watch almost every two minutes and looked out the window. He was definitely waiting for someone. About fifteen minutes of waiting passed, and a boy bounced into the cafà ©. He was about thirteen or fourteen years old, not too tall, and he reminded me of someone I had already seen before. When he came up to the man, I understood who the boy reminded me of. It became obvious they were a father and a son. When the man saw the boy, he glowed with happiness and finally calmed down. The boy was also very glad to see his father for he ran up and hugged him. It was such a nice and moving scene! I think that the fact that they met at the cafà © suggests that they did not live together; perhaps, the boy’s parents were divorced, and his mother had a sole custody of her child. In any case, it was clear that they had not seen each other for a long time. As I looked around, I noticed that everybody who was at the cafà © at the moment also was watching the man and his son. Just like me, they also seemed to be moved by the scene. At that very instance, I felt that the entire cafà © was filled with peace, happiness and even

Concept of time Essay Example for Free

Concept of time Essay Time seemed to be an important aspect that influences the well-being of the elderly in the study. Time consciousness cannot be ignored when one considers the subjective experience of well-being among the institutionalized aged. The finding showed that many of them had a keen awareness of time or awareness of the present. According to their administrators, a few of them felt the urgency to make the best use of the remaining time in their life: to get closer to God and to prepare for a ‘good death. ’ The studies done by Butler Lewis (1972); Butler et 292 al. (1998); Sue Sue (1999); and Knight (1996) found that there is an obvious concern with time when it is clear that the remaining days are running short among the aged. The development of a sense of immediacy, of the here-and-now, of present-ness -all these aid in the evolution of a sense of enjoyment and tranquility which ultimately are decisive elements of well-being. The findings of the study exemplified this awareness of time/time consciousness among the institutionalized aged and that it has endowed them with a sense of urgency and purpose in the ‘evening’ of their lives. It could also be presumed that these two aspects of well-being, the concept time and attitude toward death are closely related. Attitude towards Death The elderly in Gladys Spellman viewed the existential problem of death and dying in different spirit. While some of them had a positive attitude toward death and looked at death as a natural transition from this life to a better life and have reconciled with this inevitable reality. Trust in God’s compassion and mercy and the expectation of heavenly reward, growing closer to God in prayer seemed to help those elderly who said they were at ease with the thought of death. Faith and spirituality change death from an ending to a new beginning of a new existence for Christians (Moberg, 2001). Accepting old age and death meaningfully makes life happier. Fear or acceptance of death is closely related to general satisfaction or well-being. When life is lived to the full, death becomes a fulfillment, a completion (Moberg, 2001). The following words of the elderly were shared with one of the administrators. â€Å"I’ve done my job. My mission is over. I have no worries about the future†¦He will take care†¦and I’m ready for final surrender/exit. † There were others who tried to put on a brave front to show that they were not afraid to die. A third category avoided talking about death, reasoning that it was not yet time for them to think about death as they felt there was plenty time left for such things. Those who avoided thinking about death and those who did not fear death but only feared ‘pain of death’ must be coping with the unrecognized fear of death. As Atchley (1997) puts it, although death is generally accepted with little fear among older people, it is only reasonable to assume that there are some who really fear death. Their trust in God’s mercy and hope in eternal reward probably help them cope with this fear.

Depression in 1920s Essays -- essays research papers

How was Australia affected by depression in 1920’s? Australia was one of the countries deeply affected by the Depression. This was due to the fact that Australia heavily depended on the imports, trade and investment intake from overseas. The economy was already unstable and was in trouble during the 1920's. The wealth of the economy was only based on the high prices of Australia's exports and primary products, a growing volume of exports and a continued stream of investments into Australia. Any serious reduction to the price and volume of exports and reduction of overseas loans would cause problems. An indication of danger was Australia's large and rapidly increasing overseas interest bill. By the late 1920's, the prices of Australian's exports were also falling. With the continuation of the declining price, Australia would have a difficult struggle to pay for its imports and repayment of loans. Australia was affected so severely as its primary source of income was taken away. Employees in public works, building and construction lost their jobs, as loans were no longer being funded for these projects. This also reduced the demand for goods produced in other industries. Australia's workmen had a severe lost of jobs and wages. How was the government responding and assisting the population? â€Å"Susso† Those who were unemployed were entitled to the application of the 'susso', a sustenance or dole payment. A person seeking this assistance had to register and demonstrate that th...

Case: Settlement

Discussion1 Is Fast Eddie required to accrue a liability as of March 31, 2011, financial statements related to the ongoing government investigation? If so, how much? Yes. Fast Eddie is required to accrue a liability of $3. 7 million. Subsequent Events are Events or transactions that occur after the balance sheet date but before financial statements are issued or are available to be issued. There are two types of subsequent events: a.The first type consists of events or transactions that provide additional evidence about conditions that existed at the date of the balance sheet, including the estimates inherent in the process of preparing financial statements (that is, recognized subsequent events). b. The second type consists of events that provide evidence about conditions that did not exist at the date of the balance sheet but arose subsequent to that date (that is, nonrecognized subsequent events).According to ASC 855-10-25-1, an entity shall recognize in the financial statements t he effects of all subsequent events that provide additional evidence about conditions that existed at the date of the balance sheet, including the estimates inherent in the process of preparing financial statements.An example of recognized subsequent events is that if the events that gave rise to litigation had taken place before the balance sheet date and that litigation is settled after the balance sheet date but before the financial statements are issued or are available to be issued, for an amount different from the liability recorded in the accounts, then the settlement amount should be considered in estimating the amount of liability recognized in the financial statements at the balance sheet date. The investigation was held in 2010 before the end of fiscal year on Mar 31, 2011.The $3. 7 million of settlement was offered in April 2011, before CPAs-R-Us completed its procedures and issued the audit report for the year ended March 31, 2011. The government did not accept offers t o settle before finalizing its investigation, as a result, Fast Eddie should accrue a liability as of Mar 31, 2011. According to ASC 450-20-25-2, the required accrual liability would be $3. 7 million. An estimated loss from a loss contingency shall be accrued by a charge to income if both of the following conditions are met: a.Information available before the financial statements are issued or are available to be issued (as discussed in Section 855-10-25) indicates that it is probable that an asset had been impaired or a liability had been incurred at the date of the financial statements. Date of the financial statements means the end of the most recent accounting period for which financial statements are being presented. It is implicit in this condition that it must be probable that one or more future events will occur confirming the fact of the loss. b. The amount of loss can be reasonably estimated. 50-20-50-10 talks about Litigation, Claims, and Assessments. As a result, the set tlement is a recognized subsequent event. According to EITF Topic No. D-77, â€Å"Accounting for Legal Costs Expected to Be Incurred in Connection With a Loss Contingency† (ASC 450-20-S99), The SEC Observer noted that the SEC staff would expect a registrant's accounting policy to be applied consistently and that APB Opinion No. 22, Disclosure of Accounting Policies, requires disclosure of material accounting policies and the methods of applying those policies. Discussion2If Fast Eddie withdraws the settlement offer before it is accepted by the government and before the issuance of Fast Eddie’s financial statements, would that change your answer to the above question? According to 450-20-55-36, Fast Eddie should provide an illustrative disclosure in accordance with ASC 450-20-50. In this case, accrual would be inappropriate, but disclosure would be required if an unfavorable outcome is determined to be reasonably possible but not probable (450-20-55-13). Since Fat Eddie believes the company is not obligated.

Financial Analysis And Statement Analysis Essay

Financial statement analysis (or financial analysis) is the process of reviewing and analyzing a company’s financial statements to make better economic decisions. These statements include the income statement, balance sheet, statement of cash flows, and a statement of retained earnings. Horizontal analysis (also known as trend analysis) is a financial statement analysis technique that shows changes in the amounts of corresponding financial statement items over a period of time. It is a useful tool to evaluate the trend situations. The statements for two or more periods are used in horizontal analysis. The earliest period is usually used as the base period and the items on the statements for all later periods are compared with items on the statements of the base period. The changes are generally shown both in dollars and percentage. Vertical analysis is the proportional analysis of a financial statement, where each line item on a financial statement is listed as a percentage of another item. Typically, this means that every line item on an income statement is stated as a percentage of gross sales, while every line item on a balance sheet is stated as a percentage of total assets. The most common use of vertical analysis is within a financial statement for a single time period, so that you can see the relative proportions of account balances. Vertical analysis is also useful for timeline analysis, where you can see relative changes in accounts over time, such as on a comparative basis over a five-year period. For example, if the cost of goods sold has a history of being 40% of sales in each of the past four years, then a new percentage of 48% would be a cause for alarm. Solvency Ratio is a key metric used to measure an enterprise’s ability to meet its debt and other obligations. The solvency ratio indicates whether a company’s cash flow is sufficient to meet its short-term and long-term liabilities. The lower a company’s solvency ratio, the greater the probability that it will default on its debt obligations. Solvency and liquidity are both terms that refer to an enterprise’s state of financial health, but with some notable differences. Solvency refers to an enterprise’s capacity to meet its long-term financial commitments. Liquidity refers to an enterprise’s ability to pay short-term obligations; the term also refers to its capability to sell assets quickly to raise cash. A solvent company is one that owns more than it owes; in other words, it has a positive net worth and a manageable debt load. On the other hand, a company with adequate liquidity may have enough cash available to pay its bills, but it may be heading for financial disaster down the road. Solvency and liquidity are equally important, and healthy companies are both solvent and possess adequate liquidity. A number of financial ratios are used to measure a company’s liquidity and solvency, the most common of which are discussed below. Liquidity Ratios Current ratio = Current assets / Current liabilities The current ratio measures a company’s ability to pay off its current liabilities (payable within one year) with its current assets such as cash, accounts receivable and inventories. The higher the ratio, the better the company’s liquidity position. Quick ratio = (Current assets – Inventories) / Current liabilities = (Cash and equivalents + Marketable securities + Accounts receivable) / Current liabilities The quick ratio measures a company’s ability to meet its short-term obligations with its most liquid assets, and therefore excludes inventories from its current assets. It is also known as the â€Å"acid-test ratio.† Days sales outstanding = (Accounts receivable / Total credit sales) x Number of days in sales DSO refers to the average number of days it takes a company to collect payment after it makes a sale. A higher DSO means that a company is taking unduly long to collect payment and is tying up capital in receivables. DSOs are generally calculated quarterly or annually. Solvency Ratios Debt to equity = Total debt / Total equity This ratio indicates the degree of financial leverage being used by the business and includes both short-term and long-term debt. A rising debt-to-equity ratio implies higher interest expenses, and beyond a certain point it may affect a company’s credit rating, making it more expensive to raise more debt. Debt to assets = Total debt / Total assets Another leverage measure, this ratio measures the percentage of a company’s assets that have been financed with debt (short-term and long-term). A higher ratio indicates a greater degree of leverage, and consequently, financial risk. Interest coverage ratio = Operating income (or EBIT) / Interest expense This ratio measures the company’s ability to meet the interest expense on its debt with its operating income, which is equivalent to its earnings before interest and taxes (EBIT). The higher the ratio, the better the company’s ability to cover its interest expense.

Argumentative Essay Sample on Global Warming 3 Policies to Implement

Argumentative Essay Sample on Global Warming 3 Policies to Implement Global warming is one of the most challenging environmental problems in existence today. It threatens the health of the earth’s inhabitants and the world’s economies every day. With global warming comes longer and more intense heat waves and storms. Along with those climate changes, come more pests which in turn can carry devastating diseases. Forestry and farming are feeling the negative impact of global warming and we’re also seeing traces of a devastated ecosystem. To prevent further damage and begin repairing the damaging effects of global warming, policies must be implemented and diligently enforced. Energy conservation is the only policy that I would put into effect. This policy would be very broad; encompassing as many aspects of energy use as possible. The first item on the table would be to force automobile manufacturers to only produce vehicles with high MPG ratings and eventually to develop new models that are not run on gasoline alone. Such vehicles are known as hybrids and are run on a combination of electricity and gasoline. Currently, the technology is available to manufacture cars with 40+ mpg ratings, however, the concern lies with the increasing number of trucks and SUVs that are known worldwide as â€Å"gas-guzzlers†. These larger vehicles are becoming more and more prevalent and currently do not meet any efficiency standards. Requiring that all new SUVs and trucks from this point forward be as fuel efficient as their smaller counterparts, would be a large step in the way of vehicle efficiency and pave the way for less gasoline reliance. This in turn will allow for fewer emissions of carbon dioxide from the vehicles that we have all come to rely on for our sole source of transportation. The next policy to implement would be that technology be developed to make all appliances run efficiently; from refrigerators and stoves on down to video game equipment and lamps. Every piece of machinery or device that we own uses energy in some way, shape, or form. Large pieces of industrial equipment and even residential equipment require a lot of energy to run thereby contributing to the world’s air pollution. If we would require that manufacturers of such items follow strict guidelines of energy efficiency, not only would users save money, but energy use would be at a minimum and thus, less air pollution would be created. Some headway is being made in this area, but not enough and not nearly fast enough. We see most progress being made in the residential areas: examples are Energy Star appliances and compact, fluorescent light bulbs. However, everything coming onto the market needs to be required to be energy efficient according to pre-determined standards and we can’t continue to bypass the industrial aspect of this. The last policy that I would implement revolves around recycling. I would require that all packaging be recyclable and that it be made from recycled materials. Recycling helps the environment by conserving our natural resources, saving energy, reducing air and water pollution, and reducing the need for landfill space. Currently, many recycling programs are in place worldwide, but there are no policies that enforce its unequivocal use, yet this is one of the easiest ways of protecting our environment. In order for my policy to be successful, all businesses and consumers need to actively participate. Following the reduce, reuse, and recycle methodology will help to reduce the amount of energy that is used during the elimination of waste products.

Sociology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 3

Sociology - Essay Example Humans themselves are emotional creatures; biologically each reaction is a chemical response to additional visual, chemical or other form of stimuli. At the very base of what makes a human’s emotional framework run is the chemical responses or neural framework that exists. This cannot of course discount the effect of ones surroundings, their culture and society on their reactions. In many ways we respond based on taught responses. While we are growing up we are adapting to the society that we are directly involved in, and the cultural variances that may accompany that society. We react to some forms of stimuli based solely on our understanding of those stimuli which was trained into us from birth. An example of this could be seen by using a simple observation of a set of parents and their progeny, by observing the individual and separate reactions to different forms of stimuli it becomes readily apparent that the child will likely mimic the adults in many areas. A group is a n umber of people continuously interacting with each other in a structured way according to shared morals or social outlooks. A primary group would represent a family unit, such as parents and children and possibly grandparents as well. In my life it would be my parents and my significant other. Because our contact is based on a large amount of contact and an understanding of each other in more than a few hours a week at work or in meetings with various social gatherings this would be a primary group. An example of a secondary group would be fellow students with whom I share several hours a week in a similar manner though we are unlikely to have much actual face to face time and the time we spend together will likely be more cohesive and rule based. Max Webber’s six-traits of bureaucracy according to Professor Alazzawi are a formal hierarchical structure, management by rules, organization by functional specialty, a focused mission, purposely impersonal and employment based on t echnical qualifications. This organizational form works well within a secondary group however, would likely cause problems within a primary group. Humans thrive on being able to â€Å"personalize† everything around them, and while this has its obvious drawbacks within society as a whole it does make it difficult to promote long lasting, self-sustaining relationships within any group. There is a level of inflexibility that would likely cause frustration and in fact in many organizations that are secondary groups frustration with the role being played by the individual is often voiced. The sexual revolution was the extremely liberal approach to human sexuality as embraced in the 1960’s it accompanied for the most part a large amount of experimentation in drugs, political approaches and lifestyle changes as well. There have been many various views applied to the â€Å"why† of this revolution, one that I tend to embrace is that this revolution is the result of the c ontinued stifling of free thought along with the sexist and racist approaches embraced and taught leading up to this point. It was a complete rebellion against the status quo as it were. As for the various issues discussed I believe that sexual violence in the form of rape, child sexual abuse and other related

The structural frame paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The structural frame paper - Essay Example â€Å"UncÐ µrtainty appÐ µars as thÐ µ fundamÐ µntal problÐ µm for complÐ µx organizations, and coping with uncÐ µrtainty, as thÐ µ Ð µssÐ µncÐ µ of thÐ µ administrativÐ µ procÐ µss. Just as complÐ µtÐ µ uncÐ µrtainty or randomnÐ µss is thÐ µ antithÐ µsis of purposÐ µ and of organization, complÐ µtÐ µ cÐ µrtainty is a figmÐ µnt of thÐ µ imagination, but thÐ µ tightÐ µr thÐ µ norms of rationality, thÐ µ morÐ µ Ð µnÐ µrgy thÐ µ organization will dÐ µvotÐ µ to moving toward cÐ µrtainty† (Thompson, 2003, p. 159). That is, thÐ µ organization is dÐ µvoting a lot of Ð µnÐ µrgy towards cÐ µrtainty, from this pÐ µrspÐ µctivÐ µ, through maintaining a codifiÐ µd training program and a hiÐ µrarchical powÐ µr structurÐ µ. ThÐ µ organization usÐ µd for this rÐ µport is, as mÐ µntionÐ µd, thÐ µ forÐ µign languagÐ µ school. In this organization, of thÐ µ tÐ µaching staff of thÐ µ branch officÐ µ and thÐ µ officÐ µ staff, thÐ µ of ficÐ µ staff is thÐ µ dominant informal powÐ µr coalition. This is bÐ µcausÐ µ thÐ µy havÐ µ much morÐ µ contact with thÐ µ rÐ µgional salÐ µs managÐ µr. ThÐ µ tÐ µachÐ µrs do not havÐ µ any powÐ µr or contact with this sidÐ µ of thÐ µ organization at all rÐ µally, and arÐ µ motivatÐ µd by prizÐ µ incÐ µntivÐ µs, travÐ µl timÐ µ, and othÐ µr mÐ µthods. ThÐ µ sizÐ µ and composition of thÐ µ group is not proportionatÐ µ to thÐ µ numbÐ µr of tÐ µachÐ µrs rÐ µtainÐ µd by thÐ µ branch officÐ µ. ... ThÐ µ most important stakÐ µholdÐ µrs of thÐ µ organization arÐ µ its studÐ µnts. IntÐ µrnally, thosÐ µ non-dominant powÐ µr coalition positions in thÐ µsÐ µ sÐ µctors could also includÐ µ, in thÐ µ Ð µxamplÐ µ of thÐ µ forÐ µign languagÐ µ school, thosÐ µ tÐ µachÐ µrs who arÐ µ sÐ µnt to work at othÐ µr organizations as outsourcing labor, and thosÐ µ who arÐ µ kÐ µpt as thÐ µ corÐ µ tÐ µachÐ µrs of thÐ µ branch, into sÐ µparatÐ µ coalitions of tÐ µachÐ µrs. This is not rÐ µally Ð µffÐ µctivÐ µ, though, bÐ µcausÐ µ most of thÐ µ tÐ µachÐ µrs want to movÐ µ up in thÐ µ organization’s formal powÐ µr structurÐ µ by joining thÐ µ officÐ µ staff as a tÐ µachÐ µr trainÐ µr, thÐ µ lowÐ µst rung on thÐ µ officÐ µ staff laddÐ µr. Thompson (2003) for Ð µxamplÐ µs statÐ µs, â€Å"ThÐ µ Ð µmployÐ µÃ µ who scorÐ µs wÐ µll on a small boundary can Ð µxpÐ µct to bÐ µ visiblÐ µ, intÐ µrnally or Ð µxtÐ µrnally or both, and thus havÐ µ thÐ µ possibility of bargaining for a job at a largÐ µr or morÐ µ critical sÐ µctor of thÐ µ organization or of anothÐ µr organization†¦ such jobs can frÐ µquÐ µntly bÐ µ Ð µntÐ µrÐ µd with common skills† (p. 111). This shows how thÐ µ tÐ µachÐ µr trainÐ µrs and othÐ µr officÐ µ staff mÐ µmbÐ µrs arÐ µ thÐ µ dominant formal powÐ µr coalition in thÐ µ organization’s structurÐ µ, bÐ µcausÐ µ Ð µvÐ µn though thÐ µy arÐ µ outnumbÐ µrÐ µd by thÐ µ tÐ µachÐ µrs, thÐ µy arÐ µ morÐ µ of a stablÐ µ labor pool for thÐ µ organization, bÐ µcausÐ µ it tÐ µnds to havÐ µ high tÐ µachÐ µr turnovÐ µr. TÐ µachÐ µrs arÐ µ paid thÐ µ lÐ µast, of all thÐ µ positions. PÐ µriphÐ µral powÐ µr rÐ µlationships nÐ µÃ µd to bÐ µ mÐ µntionÐ µd in tÐ µrms of thÐ µ tÐ µachÐ µrs of thÐ µ forÐ µign languagÐ µ school. This also involvÐ µs paying attÐ µntion to thÐ µ dominant sÐ µctors which makÐ µ